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During the end of the Ayutthaya era, Koh Yao, Koh Lang and Laem Pak Pra were under Thalang , which shows that Koh Yao used to be under the government of Thalang or Phuket of now. In 1903 Koh Yao changed its status to a sub-district and later in 1988 was changed to a district. It is believed that the early population of Koh Yao sought refuge from war in Trang and Satun provinces.
Those who came from Trang settled on Koh Yao Noi while those from Satun settled on Koh Yao Yai. Now (in 2002) Koh Yao has a population of 12,490, most of which are of Muslim faith. The main incomes of the population of Koh Yao are from rubber, coconut, and cashew nut plantations, fishery, and herding.
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